Roman civilization based masculinity on action, while femininity on physical appearance, as one can see through their sculpture. Through an analysis of the Roman views on sexuality, one can determine the role of masculinity, femininity, and the social views that produced this mindset. All of these notes were deduced from my personal interpretation at a recent art museum visit, and are open to criticism. This paper is written on a personal level, to discuss with others what I feel to be an interesting topic. An understanding of Roman history is quite helpful, but not necessary. With that said, lets begin with the role of masculinity in Roman historic culture.

Like many cultures of the world, the Roman's viewed men as the dominant half of the human species. Men were the workers, responsible for all of the physical labor. Being a man was not as dependant upon physical appearance as it has become with time, but based on actions. From working labor all day, to roles in society, to the respect of others; these made a man a man. Many men wore feminine fashion, from dresses to wigs, all dependant on their social standing; however, it did not affect the way other men viewed their sexuality. Men commanded the respect of the women, yet had no expectation to show the same respect back. Men were viewed on the sole monetary value that they carried with them, an amazing contrast of today's standards.

This view of masculinity is quite apparent in the sculpture of the ages. The broad shoulders, muscular chest, and well shaped chin are apparent, yet the symbol of male sexuality, the penis, is lacking in proportion. Poseidon with Dolphin is a full size sculpture of the god Poseidon posing naked, along side a small dolphin. Chest flared, pecks, outstood, and eyes piercing, he stands proudly…as his penis dwindles in the stone. It was not necessary to give Poseidon a large, nor proportional penis, because he is a god, and a man. His very presence commanded the respect of all those around him.

Women, on the other hand, were selected based on their physical attributes. Subservient, fragile, and beautiful…these are the markings of the Roman model. These three aspects are the most important features any Roman sculptor depicts in their piece, as these were the features that often defined women. To be a wife, a mother, and a sexual object were the three roles that women filled. Spending her days in the fields and doing physical labor was merely for the poor. She was a trophy, contrary to many other cultures of the time.